Basalt is clearly the most common volcanic rock on Earth and basaltic rocks (including gabbro, diabase and their metamorphosed equivalents) are the most common rocks in the crust 2.Basalt is also common on the Moon and other rocky planets of the Solar System. Which of the following volcanic types typically produces small, steep-sided structures composed of pyroclastic material? !OIBs and MORBs => Decompression melting! Continental flood basalts tend to be lower in Mg and Fe and other compatible elements than MORB or island basalts. Mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB), ocean island basalt (OIB) and island arc basalt (IAB) are the In general, the more felsic the composition (richer in silica - resulting in an Intermediate composition), the larger the pillows, due to the increase in viscosity of the erupting lava. !Melting at shallow depths form depleted mantle (previously melted)!! Geysers on the seafloor, created where tectonic plates move apart, spewing hot and mineral-rich water into cold ocean depths. hydrothermal vents vents on the sea floor that form as hot mineral -rich water rushes from the hot rock at mid-ocean ridges and mixes with surrounding cold ocean water Incompatible element distributions vary widely in flood basalts… At which of the following tectonic settings would you expect to find volcanoes producing significant amounts of very fluid, high-temperature lavas? Oceanic Island Basalts –basalts associated with islands in the ocean basins that generally occur away from plate boundaries, and are often associated with hot spots. Basalt is a major rock type that occurs in virtually every tectonic setting. Early crystallization of oxide phases (low Fe, Ti, Nb, Ta in residual magmas)! Flood basalts form as a result of an eruption above a mantle plume. !Melting deeper from a more enriched mantle! Composition. They typically show Fe enrichment trends, but in some instances have lower Ti than other oceanic basalts. What is more, basalts are mafic rocks, which are closer to the composition of the parental magma that was extracted from its mantle source [14,15]. Back-arc basins are geologic basins, submarine features associated with island arcs and subduction zones.They are found at some convergent plate boundaries, presently concentrated in the western Pacific Ocean.Most of them result from tensional forces caused by oceanic trench rollback (the oceanic trench is wandering in the seafloor direction) and the collapse of the edge of the continent. For these reasons, basalt is usually the research object of tectonic setting discrimination [16–18]. China’s diverse geological character reflects its formation by the amalgamation of numerous tectonic blocks, beginning in the Precambrian and continuing to the present day ().Ophiolites are key features in identifying the suture zones between these blocks, and in delineating the ages and mechanisms of collision. The volcanic field is on the Hawaiian Arch. MORB! The flows extend about 60 miles (100 km) north and south away from the arch. Pillow lavas are commonly of basaltic composition, although pillows formed of komatiite, picrite, boninite, basaltic andesite, andesite, dacite or even rhyolite are known. Questions to chapters: questions 2-51 are for chapters 17,18,19 questions 52-102 are for chapters 2 and 4 questions 103-152 are for chapters 6 and 7 !High water content and higher O concentration (f O2) from slab dehydration!! The volcanic field is made of flood basalts that cover an area of 9,650 square miles (25,000 square km). 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